Plasma is composed of approximately 90% water, with proteins, electrolytes, and nutrients making up the remaining 10%.

Calcium (Ca) is the most abundant alkaline earth metal in the Earth's crust.

Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, making up about 75% of its elemental mass.

Protium, which has no neutrons, is the most abundant isotope of hydrogen, making up about 99.98% of hydrogen found in nature.

P2O5 is the most acidic oxide among the given options, as it forms phosphoric acid in water.

P2O5 (phosphorus pentoxide) is the most acidic oxide among the given options.

Fluorine is the most electronegative element in the periodic table.

Rubidium (Rb) is the most electropositive element among the given options.

Potassium (K) is more reactive than Sodium (Na) and Lithium (Li) due to its larger atomic size and lower ionization energy.

Lead commonly exhibits a +4 oxidation state, although +2 is also stable, +4 is more stable in many compounds.

The most stable oxidation state of nitrogen is +5, as seen in compounds like nitric acid.

In this reaction, MnO4⁻ is reduced to Mn²⁺, thus it acts as the oxidizing agent.

The biceps brachii is the primary muscle responsible for flexing the elbow joint.

The deltoid muscle is the primary muscle responsible for the abduction of the arm at the shoulder joint.

Ethylene (C2H4) is the simplest alkene, containing a double bond between two carbon atoms.

Methanoic acid (HCOOH) is the simplest carboxylic acid, containing only one carbon atom.

Dimethyl ether (CH3-O-CH3) is the simplest ether, consisting of two methyl groups bonded to an oxygen atom.

Formic acid (HCOOH) is the strongest carboxylic acid among the given options due to the presence of a hydrogen atom directly attached to the carbonyl carbon, which increases its acidity.

The unit of pressure is Pascal (Pa), which is equivalent to N/m².

Brittle materials fracture without significant plastic deformation.

Exothermic reactions release heat to the surroundings, resulting in a negative change in enthalpy (ΔH < 0).

The adsorption of gases on solids is typically an exothermic process, as energy is released when the gas molecules adhere to the surface.

Modern classification is based on evolutionary relationships, including genetic information.

The law of conservation of energy states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transformed from one form to another.

Shear modulus (G) measures the material's response to shear stress, indicating how it deforms under such stress.

Viruses are acellular and cannot reproduce independently; they require a host cell.

Vanillin is the primary component of the extract of the vanilla bean and is widely used as a flavoring agent in food.

Doping is the process used to create a p-n junction by adding impurities to a semiconductor.

Uranium-238 is commonly used as fuel in nuclear reactors due to its ability to undergo fission.

The kingdom Plantae includes multicellular organisms that are autotrophic.