Butane is a saturated hydrocarbon, meaning it contains only single bonds between carbon atoms.

Mass is a scalar quantity as it has magnitude but no direction.

Color blindness is a sex-linked trait, primarily located on the X chromosome, affecting males more frequently than females.

Plasma is a state of matter where gases are energized until atomic electrons are no longer associated with the nucleus, as seen in lightning.

An eagle is an example of a tertiary consumer as it feeds on secondary consumers like foxes.

Light waves are electromagnetic waves and are an example of transverse waves, where the oscillations are perpendicular to the direction of wave travel.

The human appendix is considered a vestigial structure, as it has lost its original function over the course of evolution.

Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid evolution of diversely adapted species from a common ancestor, exemplified by the finches in the Galapagos Islands.

Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons with the general formula CnH2n+2. C3H8 (propane) fits this formula.

Propene is an alkene, characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond.

Propene is an alkene, characterized by a carbon-carbon double bond.

Butyne is an alkyne, characterized by a triple bond between carbon atoms.

Dissolving ammonium nitrate in water absorbs heat, making it an endothermic process.

Rubber is an example of an insulator.

The cane toad is an example of an invasive species that disrupts local ecosystems.

In the reaction C + O2 → CO2, carbon is oxidized as it loses electrons to form CO2.

Dog breeding is an example of artificial selection, where humans selectively breed animals for desired traits.

Budding is exemplified by Hydra, where a new individual develops from an outgrowth of the parent.

Convergent evolution occurs when unrelated species evolve similar traits, as seen in whales and fish, which both have streamlined bodies for swimming.

Darwin's finches are an example of divergent evolution, where different species evolved from a common ancestor and adapted to different environments.

Aquariums are an example of ex-situ conservation as they involve the conservation of species outside their natural habitats.

Starfish can reproduce through fragmentation, where a part of the organism breaks off and develops into a new individual.

Mutualism is a symbiotic relationship where both species benefit, such as bees pollinating flowers.

Physisorption involves weak Van der Waals forces, and the adsorption of water on silica gel is a classic example of this type of adsorption.

Pollination in flowering plants is a key process in sexual reproduction, involving the transfer of pollen to fertilize ovules.

Sublimation is the process where a solid turns directly into a gas, as seen with dry ice (solid CO2).

A balloon inflating when heated is an example of thermal expansion, as the gas inside expands with increased temperature.

Binary fission in amoeba is a form of asexual reproduction where a single organism divides into two.

Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they produce ATP, the energy currency of the cell.

Increased pollution is not a benefit of biodiversity; rather, biodiversity helps in reducing pollution.