Biology is the science of life — from the tiniest cell to the most complex human systems. This category is designed to support school students (Classes 6–12) as well as undergraduate (UG) learners with clear explanations, exam-focused content, and concept-building resources. You’ll find:
Concept-wise explanations aligned with NCERT and common UG syllabi
Important questions & answers for school exams, NEET foundation, and college tests
Human physiology, genetics, ecology, biotechnology, and cell biology explained simply
Practice questions, MCQs, and revision notes to strengthen understanding
Doubt-solving and conceptual clarity for competitive and academic success
Whether you’re preparing for school exams , building a strong base for NEET , or studying Biology at the undergraduate level , this section helps you learn smarter, revise faster, and understand Biology deeply — not just memorize it.
Learn life sciences the right way — clear concepts, exam relevance, and real understanding.
Q. What is the primary difference between disinfection and sterilization?
A.
Disinfection kills all microorganisms, sterilization does not
B.
Sterilization kills all microorganisms, disinfection does not
C.
Disinfection is faster than sterilization
D.
Sterilization is only for surgical instruments
Show solution
Solution
The primary difference is that sterilization kills all microorganisms, while disinfection reduces the number of viable organisms but may not eliminate all.
Correct Answer:
B
— Sterilization kills all microorganisms, disinfection does not
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Q. What is the primary disadvantage of using glutaraldehyde as a disinfectant?
A.
It is ineffective against viruses
B.
It requires long exposure times
C.
It is corrosive to metals
D.
It has a strong odor
Show solution
Solution
The primary disadvantage of glutaraldehyde is its strong odor, which can be unpleasant and may pose health risks to users.
Correct Answer:
D
— It has a strong odor
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Q. What is the primary disadvantage of using glutaraldehyde for disinfection?
A.
It is ineffective against viruses
B.
It requires long exposure times
C.
It is corrosive to metals
D.
It is not environmentally friendly
Show solution
Solution
Glutaraldehyde is corrosive to metals, which limits its use in certain applications.
Correct Answer:
C
— It is corrosive to metals
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Q. What is the primary driver of adaptive evolution in plants?
A.
Genetic drift
B.
Natural selection
C.
Gene flow
D.
Mutation
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Solution
Natural selection is the primary driver of adaptive evolution, favoring traits that enhance survival and reproduction.
Correct Answer:
B
— Natural selection
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Q. What is the primary driving force for the movement of water in plants?
A.
Root pressure
B.
Capillary action
C.
Transpiration pull
D.
Soil moisture
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Solution
Transpiration pull is the primary driving force for water movement in plants, created by the evaporation of water from leaf surfaces.
Correct Answer:
C
— Transpiration pull
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Q. What is the primary ecological benefit of seed dispersal?
A.
Increased competition
B.
Reduced genetic diversity
C.
Colonization of new habitats
D.
Decreased plant growth
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Solution
Seed dispersal allows plants to colonize new habitats, reducing competition with parent plants and promoting genetic diversity.
Correct Answer:
C
— Colonization of new habitats
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Q. What is the primary evolutionary advantage of bilateral symmetry in animals?
A.
Increased mobility
B.
Better camouflage
C.
Enhanced sensory perception
D.
More efficient digestion
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Solution
Bilateral symmetry allows for increased mobility and streamlined movement, which is advantageous for predation and escape.
Correct Answer:
A
— Increased mobility
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Q. What is the primary factor driving the evolution of plant morphology?
A.
Climate change
B.
Soil composition
C.
Pollinator preferences
D.
Competition for light
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Solution
Competition for light is a primary factor driving the evolution of plant morphology, influencing growth forms and structures.
Correct Answer:
D
— Competition for light
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Q. What is the primary factor driving the evolution of plant traits?
A.
Climate change
B.
Human intervention
C.
Environmental pressures
D.
Soil composition
Show solution
Solution
Environmental pressures, such as competition and resource availability, primarily drive the evolution of plant traits.
Correct Answer:
C
— Environmental pressures
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Q. What is the primary function of actinomycetes in soil?
A.
Nitrogen fixation
B.
Decomposition of organic matter
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Pathogen resistance
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Solution
Actinomycetes play a crucial role in the decomposition of organic matter, contributing to nutrient cycling in soil.
Correct Answer:
B
— Decomposition of organic matter
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Q. What is the primary function of antibodies in the immune response?
A.
To directly kill pathogens
B.
To neutralize toxins
C.
To enhance phagocytosis
D.
To activate complement system
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Solution
Antibodies enhance phagocytosis by opsonization, making it easier for phagocytes to engulf pathogens.
Correct Answer:
C
— To enhance phagocytosis
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Q. What is the primary function of antioxidants found in fruits and vegetables?
A.
Increase growth rate
B.
Protect against cellular damage
C.
Enhance color
D.
Aid in photosynthesis
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Solution
Antioxidants protect cells from damage caused by free radicals.
Correct Answer:
B
— Protect against cellular damage
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Q. What is the primary function of ATP and NADPH produced in the light reactions?
A.
Energy storage
B.
Carbon fixation
C.
Oxygen release
D.
Water splitting
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Solution
ATP and NADPH are primarily used for carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle during the dark reactions.
Correct Answer:
B
— Carbon fixation
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Q. What is the primary function of auxins in plant development?
A.
Promote flowering
B.
Stimulate root growth
C.
Regulate fruit ripening
D.
Inhibit leaf abscission
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Solution
Auxins primarily stimulate root growth and are involved in various developmental processes.
Correct Answer:
B
— Stimulate root growth
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Q. What is the primary function of B cells in the immune response?
A.
Phagocytosis of pathogens
B.
Production of antibodies
C.
Activation of T cells
D.
Release of cytokines
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Solution
B cells are primarily responsible for the production of antibodies, which are crucial for the humoral immune response.
Correct Answer:
B
— Production of antibodies
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Q. What is the primary function of bile in digestion?
A.
Break down proteins
B.
Emulsify fats
C.
Neutralize stomach acid
D.
Absorb vitamins
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Solution
Bile emulsifies fats, making them easier to digest and absorb in the small intestine.
Correct Answer:
B
— Emulsify fats
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Q. What is the primary function of chlorophyll in plants?
A.
Water absorption
B.
Nutrient transport
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Respiration
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Solution
Chlorophyll is essential for photosynthesis as it captures light energy.
Correct Answer:
C
— Photosynthesis
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Q. What is the primary function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
A.
Energy production
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Cell division
D.
Protein synthesis
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Solution
Chloroplasts are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.
Correct Answer:
B
— Photosynthesis
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Q. What is the primary function of collenchyma cells?
A.
Transport nutrients
B.
Provide flexible support
C.
Store water
D.
Conduct photosynthesis
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Solution
Collenchyma cells provide flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing for growth and movement.
Correct Answer:
B
— Provide flexible support
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Q. What is the primary function of collenchyma tissue?
A.
Storage of starch
B.
Support in young stems and leaves
C.
Water transport
D.
Photosynthesis
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Solution
Collenchyma provides flexible support to young stems and leaves, allowing them to grow while maintaining structural integrity.
Correct Answer:
B
— Support in young stems and leaves
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Q. What is the primary function of cytokinins in plants?
A.
Promote cell division
B.
Inhibit aging
C.
Stimulate root growth
D.
Enhance photosynthesis
Show solution
Solution
Cytokinins primarily promote cell division and growth in plants.
Correct Answer:
A
— Promote cell division
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Q. What is the primary function of DNA in plant cells?
A.
Energy production
B.
Protein synthesis
C.
Genetic information storage
D.
Photosynthesis
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Solution
DNA stores genetic information that is essential for the growth, development, and reproduction of plants.
Correct Answer:
C
— Genetic information storage
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Q. What is the primary function of essential oils derived from plants in human health?
A.
Nutrient absorption
B.
Aromatherapy and relaxation
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Water storage
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Solution
Essential oils are often used in aromatherapy for their calming and therapeutic effects.
Correct Answer:
B
— Aromatherapy and relaxation
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Q. What is the primary function of flavonoids in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Pollination
C.
UV protection
D.
Water absorption
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Solution
Flavonoids protect plants from UV radiation and also have health benefits for humans.
Correct Answer:
C
— UV protection
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Q. What is the primary function of flowers in angiosperms?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Reproduction
C.
Water absorption
D.
Nutrient storage
Show solution
Solution
Flowers are the reproductive structures of angiosperms, facilitating pollination and seed production.
Correct Answer:
B
— Reproduction
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Q. What is the primary function of gastric acid in the stomach?
A.
Neutralizes food
B.
Breaks down proteins
C.
Absorbs nutrients
D.
Produces bile
Show solution
Solution
Gastric acid primarily breaks down proteins and activates digestive enzymes in the stomach.
Correct Answer:
B
— Breaks down proteins
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Q. What is the primary function of mRNA in the cell?
A.
To store genetic information
B.
To catalyze biochemical reactions
C.
To transfer amino acids during protein synthesis
D.
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
Show solution
Solution
mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
D
— To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
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Q. What is the primary function of mRNA in the central dogma of molecular biology?
A.
To replicate DNA
B.
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
C.
To synthesize proteins
D.
To form the structure of ribosomes
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Solution
mRNA serves as the intermediary that conveys genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes, where proteins are synthesized.
Correct Answer:
B
— To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
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Q. What is the primary function of mRNA in the process of gene expression?
A.
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
B.
To serve as a template for protein synthesis
C.
To replicate DNA
D.
To form the ribosome
Show solution
Solution
mRNA serves as a template for protein synthesis by carrying the genetic information from DNA to the ribosome.
Correct Answer:
B
— To serve as a template for protein synthesis
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Q. What is the primary function of mRNA?
A.
To store genetic information
B.
To transport amino acids
C.
To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
D.
To catalyze biochemical reactions
Show solution
Solution
mRNA carries genetic information from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Correct Answer:
C
— To carry genetic information from DNA to ribosomes
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