Allopatric speciation occurs when new species develop from a common ancestor due to geographic isolation, leading to reproductive isolation.

Speciation is the evolutionary concept that explains the development of new species from a common ancestor.

Convergent evolution explains the development of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures.

Speciation is the evolutionary process through which new plant species arise from a common ancestor.

Convergent evolution explains the similarities between unrelated species that adapt to similar environments.

Speciation is the evolutionary process through which new species arise from a common ancestor.

All of these factors can limit the efficiency of photosynthesis in plants.

Soil pH does not directly affect the rate of photosynthesis.

Soil pH does not directly affect the rate of photosynthesis; it affects plant health indirectly.

Oxygen is released as a byproduct of the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Carbon dioxide is taken in by plants during photosynthesis to produce glucose.

Plants take in carbon dioxide from the atmosphere during photosynthesis.

Gymnosperms are characterized by having seeds but no flowers.

Gymnosperms are a group of seed-producing plants that include conifers.

Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are considered the most evolutionarily advanced due to their complex reproductive structures and mechanisms.

Angiosperms, or flowering plants, are considered the most evolutionarily advanced due to their complex reproductive structures.

Ferns exhibit a dominant sporophyte generation, which is the diploid phase that produces spores.

Abscisic acid is the hormone that signals stomata to close in response to water stress, reducing water loss.

Using cuttings is a form of asexual reproduction where a part of the plant is used to grow a new individual.

Asexual reproduction, such as cuttings or grafting, allows farmers to produce genetically identical plants with desirable traits.

Penicillium chrysogenum is the mold from which the antibiotic penicillin is derived, used to treat bacterial infections.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or baker's yeast, is responsible for the fermentation process in bread making.

Lactobacillus species are key players in the fermentation process of sauerkraut, converting sugars into lactic acid.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or baker's yeast, ferments sugars to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol, causing bread to rise.

Acetobacter is a genus of bacteria that converts ethanol into acetic acid, the main component of vinegar.

NADPH acts as an electron carrier in the light reactions.

NADP+ acts as the electron carrier, becoming NADPH after accepting electrons.

NADP+ acts as the primary electron carrier, becoming NADPH after accepting electrons.

Water acts as the primary electron donor in the light reactions, providing electrons.

ATP is the primary energy carrier used in the dark reactions (Calvin cycle).