Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect and global warming.

The Modern Synthesis integrates natural selection with Mendelian genetics, providing a comprehensive explanation of evolution.

Neodymium (Nd) is a member of the lanthanide series.

Cholesterol is a type of lipid that is important for cell membrane structure.

All of the options listed (virus, bacteria, fungi) are considered living organisms in various contexts.

Nitrogen is a macronutrient that is essential for the synthesis of amino acids and nucleic acids in plants.

Plastic waste is a significant contributor to water pollution, affecting aquatic life and ecosystems.

Urbanization is a major threat to biodiversity as it leads to habitat loss and fragmentation.

Genetic Drift is a mechanism of evolution that involves random changes in allele frequencies, particularly in small populations.

Gene flow is the mechanism of evolution that involves the transfer of genetic material between populations through migration.

All of the options listed (natural selection, gene flow, and genetic drift) are mechanisms of microevolution, which refers to small-scale evolutionary changes within a population.

All of the above mechanisms (cohesion, adhesion, and capillarity) contribute to water transport in plants.

Electroporation is a method used to introduce DNA into host cells by applying an electrical field to increase the permeability of the cell membrane.

All of the listed methods can be used to introduce DNA into plant cells, each with its own advantages and applications.

Electroporation is a method used to introduce foreign DNA into host cells by applying an electrical field to increase the permeability of the cell membrane.

All of the mentioned methods can be used to prepare alcohols.

Aldehydes can be prepared by the oxidation of primary alcohols.

Ion pumps are a form of active transport that move ions against their concentration gradient using energy.

Bioremediation involves using microorganisms, such as bacteria, to degrade environmental contaminants like oil spills.

Taxonomy is the method of classifying living organisms based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

Organisms can be classified using morphological, physiological, and genetic methods.

Abstinence is a method of contraception that involves refraining from sexual activity to prevent pregnancy.

All of the mentioned methods are effective in controlling microbial growth in food.

Gene therapy involves inserting a healthy gene into a patient's cells to treat genetic disorders.

Hydrogen can be produced through various methods including electrolysis of water, steam reforming of natural gas, and thermochemical water splitting.

Wildlife sanctuaries are a method of in-situ conservation as they protect species in their natural habitats.

Fermentation is a method of preserving food by using microbes to produce acids or alcohol that inhibit spoilage.

Vaccination is a key method for preventing the spread of infectious diseases by building immunity.

Insulin is produced using fermentation processes involving genetically modified bacteria.

Composting utilizes microbes to decompose organic waste into nutrient-rich compost.