Annelida, or segmented worms, are characterized by their segmented bodies.

Echinoderms exhibit radial symmetry in their adult form, which is a defining characteristic of this phylum.

Nematodes, or roundworms, are characterized by a body covered with a cuticle and are unsegmented.

Phylum Porifera, which includes sponges, is characterized by a porous body structure.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons contain double or triple bonds, making them more reactive than saturated hydrocarbons.

Ethers are generally low in reactivity compared to alcohols and phenols, making them stable compounds.

Group 13 elements typically form covalent compounds due to their tendency to share electrons.

Halogens exist as diatomic molecules (e.g., Cl2, F2) in their elemental form.

Noble gases are colorless and odorless under standard conditions.

Phenols undergo halogenation readily due to the electron-donating effect of the hydroxyl group.

Phosphorus exists in several allotropes, including red, black, and white phosphorus.

All of the options listed (Ibuprofen, Aspirin, and Paracetamol) are common analgesics used to relieve pain.

Gene cloning is a common application in biotechnology for producing proteins and studying genes.

Biotechnology is widely used in the food industry for fermentation, genetic modification, and food preservation.

The synthesis of therapeutic proteins, such as insulin and monoclonal antibodies, is a common application of biotechnology in the pharmaceutical industry.

Microbes are used in agriculture for pesticides, fertilizers, and enhancing soil fertility.

Photodiodes are commonly used for light detection in various applications.

Transistors are a common application of semiconductors, used in various electronic devices.

Yeast is commonly used in alcoholic fermentation to produce beverages like beer and wine.

Vanillin is a common artificial flavoring agent that mimics the flavor of vanilla.

Lecithin is a common emulsifier that helps to mix oil and water in food products.

Both Retinol and Glycolic acid are commonly used in anti-aging creams for their skin rejuvenating properties.

Ibuprofen, Acetaminophen, and Aspirin are all common ingredients in anti-inflammatory medications.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation is a widely used method for producing transgenic plants by transferring genes into plant cells.

Halogenation of alkanes is a common method for preparing haloalkanes, where alkanes react with halogens in the presence of UV light.

The BET method (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) is commonly used to measure the surface area of adsorbents.

Gold commonly exhibits oxidation states of +1 and +3, with +3 being the most stable.

Iron commonly exhibits oxidation states of +2 and +3, with +3 being more prevalent in compounds.

Manganese commonly exhibits an oxidation state of +2.

Sodium benzoate is widely used as a food preservative to prevent spoilage.