Specific heat capacity is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 kg of a substance by 1 degree Celsius.

Specific heat is defined as the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Hydrostatic pressure refers to the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it.

Ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove an electron from an atom in the gas phase.

Convection is the term used for heat transfer that occurs due to the movement of a fluid.

The lowest frequency in a harmonic series is called the fundamental frequency.

Viscosity is the measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, indicating how thick or thin the fluid is.

Hydrostatic pressure is the pressure exerted by a fluid at rest due to the weight of the fluid above it.

Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of velocity with respect to time.

Viscosity is the term used to describe the resistance of a fluid to flow.

Radiation is the transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves, such as infrared radiation.

The upward force exerted by a fluid on a submerged object is known as buoyancy.

The upward force experienced by an object submerged in a fluid is known as buoyancy.

Threshold frequency (ν₀) = Work function (Φ) / h = 4.5 eV / (4.14 x 10^-15 eV·s) = 5.4 x 10^14 Hz.

The threshold of hearing is defined as 0 dB, which corresponds to the faintest sound that can be heard by the average human ear.

Time period (T) = 2π/ω_n = 2π/10 = 0.2π ≈ 0.628 s.

Time period (T) = 2π/ω_n = 2π/3 rad/s = 2π/3.

The time period T of a simple pendulum is given by T = 2π√(L/g), where L is the length of the pendulum and g is the acceleration due to gravity.

Torque = Force × Distance = 12 N × 0.25 m = 3 Nm.

Torque = Force × Distance = 8 N × 0.75 m = 6 Nm.

Torque = Force × Distance = 60 N × 0.75 m = 45 Nm.

Torque = Force × Distance = 60 N × 0.75 m = 45 Nm.

Torque (τ) = Force (F) × Distance (r) = 10 N × 2 m = 20 Nm.

Torque = Force × Distance × sin(θ) = 15 N × 0.5 m × sin(90°) = 15 Nm.

Torque = Force × Distance × sin(90°) = 25 N × 0.5 m × 1 = 12.5 Nm.

Using Ohm's Law, I = V / R. Here, I = 12 V / 4 ohms = 3 A.

Using Ohm's Law (I = V/R), the current is I = 12V / 4Ω = 3A.

Using Ohm's Law, I = V/R = 24V / 6Ω = 4A.

Total resistance R = R1 + R2 = 5Ω + 5Ω = 10Ω. Using Ohm's law, I = V/R = 10V/10Ω = 1A.

Equivalent resistance R_eq = 1/(1/5 + 1/5) = 2.5Ω. Total current I = V/R_eq = 10V/2.5Ω = 4A.