Magnesium (Mg) is the least reactive among the alkaline earth metals due to its higher ionization energy compared to the others.

Calcium reacts vigorously with water to form calcium hydroxide and hydrogen gas.

Dimethylamine is the most basic due to the electron-donating effect of the two methyl groups, which increases the availability of the lone pair on nitrogen.

Leucine is an essential amino acid that must be obtained through diet.

Butterflies are insects and belong to the class Insecta, characterized by having three pairs of legs and usually two pairs of wings.

Whales, particularly baleen whales, are filter feeders that consume small organisms by filtering water through their baleen plates.

Jellyfish are examples of cnidarians, which are known for their stinging cells called cnidocytes.

Goldfish are classified as bony fish, belonging to the class Osteichthyes, which have a skeleton made of bone.

Frogs are classified as amphibians, which are known for their dual life in water and on land.

Earthworms belong to the phylum Annelida, which is characterized by segmented bodies.

Phylum Chordata includes animals that possess a notochord at some stage of their development, such as sharks.

A climax community is a stable and mature ecological community that has reached a steady state.

A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which energy flows, from producers to consumers.

A food web is a complex network of feeding relationships that illustrates how different organisms are interconnected in an ecosystem.

A population is defined as all individuals of a particular species that live in a specific area.

A trophic level refers to the position an organism occupies in a food chain or food web, indicating its role in energy transfer.

Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid evolution of many species from a common ancestor, often in response to new environmental opportunities.

An ecosystem is defined as a community of living organisms interacting with their physical environment.

Genetic drift refers to random changes in allele frequencies in a population, often having a more significant effect in small populations.

In liquids, particles are close together but can move past each other, allowing liquids to flow.

Gas particles are far apart and move freely, allowing them to fill the container they are in.

According to the kinetic molecular theory, gas particles are in constant random motion.

'Survival of the fittest' refers to the idea that those individuals best adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.

In gases, particles are far apart and move freely, allowing them to fill the container they are in.

Adaptive radiation refers to the rapid evolution of many species from a common ancestor, often in response to new environmental opportunities.

Carrying capacity refers to the maximum population size that an environment can sustainably support.

In an evolutionary context, 'fitness' refers to an organism's reproductive success and its ability to pass on its genes to the next generation.

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, carry genetic information.

Gene cloning is used to produce insulin by inserting the human insulin gene into bacteria, which then produce insulin.

Microbial fermentation is a key process in the production of biofuels, utilizing microorganisms to convert biomass into energy.