Cambium is a type of meristematic tissue that contributes to secondary growth, increasing the thickness of stems and roots.

The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the transport of materials within the cell and the synthesis of proteins and lipids.

The micropyle is a small opening in the ovule that allows water to enter during seed development.

The ovule is responsible for seed development after fertilization, as it contains the female gamete that, when fertilized, develops into a seed.

The ovule develops into a seed after fertilization, containing the embryo and food supply.

The seed coat serves to protect the embryo from physical damage and desiccation during dormancy.

The stigma is the part of the pistil that receives pollen during the process of fertilization.

Stomata play a crucial role in gas exchange, allowing plants to adapt to different environments throughout evolution.

The style connects the stigma, where pollen lands, to the ovary, where ovules are located.

Tissue culture is used to propagate plants in a controlled, sterile environment, allowing for mass production.

Water acts as an electron donor in the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Water serves as the source of electrons in the light reactions.

Water provides electrons through photolysis during the light reactions.

Water acts as an electron donor in the light-dependent reactions, leading to the production of oxygen.

The scientific name for the division that includes ferns is Pteridophyta.

Actinobacteria are important for soil health as they produce antibiotics and help decompose organic matter.

Alkaloids have significant medicinal properties and can affect human health.

Antioxidants help prevent cell damage caused by free radicals, thus playing a crucial role in maintaining health.

Apomixis allows plants to produce seeds without fertilization, maintaining the parent plant's genetic makeup.

Crossing over during meiosis increases genetic diversity by exchanging genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Endophytes are beneficial microbes that live within plant tissues and can enhance growth and stress resistance.

Genetic recombination increases genetic diversity, which is important for adaptation and evolution in plants.

Genetic variation is crucial for evolution as it enhances survival and adaptability to changing environments.

Genetic variation is crucial for the adaptability and survival of plant populations, allowing them to respond to environmental changes.

Mycorrhizal associations enhance nutrient uptake, particularly phosphorus, benefiting plant growth.

Mycorrhizal associations improve nutrient and water uptake for plants, which can enhance overall health and reproductive success.

Mycorrhizal fungi form symbiotic relationships with plant roots, improving nutrient and water uptake, which can enhance reproductive success.

Photoperiodism is the response of plants to the length of day and night, which controls flowering time.

Photosynthesis sequesters carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, playing a crucial role in the global carbon cycle.

Phytochemicals are bioactive compounds in plants that have health-promoting properties, contributing to disease prevention.