PEN is reversed to NIP; thus DUST reversed is STUD.

The first word is reversed in the second. Therefore, BOOK reversed is KOOB.

A pen is commonly used with a notebook, just as a pen is used with a notepad.

PEN is a writing tool, and NOTEPAD is a writing surface. Similarly, PAPER is a writing surface, and NOTEBOOK is a collection of papers.

The letters are reversed. RAT becomes TAR.

Each letter is shifted back by 1. B -> A, O -> N, O -> N, K -> L.

Each letter in PEN is shifted by +1: P->Q, E->F, N->O. Thus, RAT becomes SBU.

Each letter is shifted forward by 1. 'B' to 'C', 'O' to 'P', 'O' to 'P', 'K' to 'L' gives 'CPPL'.

Each letter is shifted by +1; E->F, R->S, A->B, S->T, E->F, R->S.

Each letter is shifted by +1. P -> Q, A -> B, P -> P, E -> F, R -> S.

The word 'PENCIL' is reversed to form 'CILNEP'. Therefore, 'BOOK' reversed is 'KOOB'.

S is the next letter after R; thus S=19.

Each letter is shifted forward by 1. 'B' to 'C', 'A' to 'B', 'T' to 'U' gives 'CBU'.

Each letter is shifted by +1: R->S, A->B, T->U. Therefore, B->C, A->B, T->U, so BAT is coded as CBU.

Each letter is shifted forward by 1. 'C' to 'D', 'A' to 'B', 'T' to 'U' gives 'DBU'.

The letters are rearranged: RAT -> TAR, so TOP -> POT.

The first letter is moved to the end; thus MORE becomes OREM.

The pattern involves rearranging letters. SQUARE -> RQUAES, so CIRCLE -> RCEILC.

Each letter is shifted by +1: W->X, A->B, T->F, E->S, so F->G, I->J, R->S, E->F, thus FIRE is coded as GJTF.

The letters are reversed; FIRE becomes ERIF.

The conclusion is valid because a square is a specific type of rectangle, but not all rectangles are squares.

'W' is the 4th letter from the end of the alphabet, so it is coded as '4'.

'XYZ' corresponds to '3', '2', '1' which is '123'.

If 'X' is equal to 'Y' and 'Y' is greater than 'Z', then 'X' must also be greater than 'Z'.

Since 'X' equals 'Y' and 'Y' is greater than 'Z', it follows that 'X' is also greater than 'Z'.

The relationship is not defined, but if 'X' relates to 'Y' in a certain way, 'A' would relate to 'B' in the same way.

The pattern is shifting forward in the alphabet. 'Z' corresponds to 'A'.

'X' is faster than 'Z' because 'X' is twice as fast as 'Y' and 'Y' is three times as fast as 'Z', making 'X' six times as fast as 'Z'.

The overlap signifies cars that are also electric vehicles, indicating a shared characteristic.

C = 3, A = 1, B = 2. So, CAB = 3 + 1 + 2 = 6.