Q. In a fluid at rest, the pressure at a point depends on which of the following? (2021)
A.
Depth of the fluid
B.
Shape of the container
C.
Volume of the fluid
D.
Temperature of the fluid
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Solution
In a fluid at rest, the pressure at a point depends on the depth of the fluid above that point.
Correct Answer:
A
— Depth of the fluid
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Q. In a fluid at rest, the pressure at a point depends on:
A.
The height of the fluid column above it
B.
The shape of the container
C.
The volume of the fluid
D.
The temperature of the fluid
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Solution
In a fluid at rest, the pressure at a point depends on the height of the fluid column above it, as described by hydrostatic pressure.
Correct Answer:
A
— The height of the fluid column above it
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Q. In a fluid flow, what does the term 'laminar flow' refer to? (2019)
A.
Flow with high turbulence.
B.
Flow in parallel layers.
C.
Flow with varying velocity.
D.
Flow that is compressible.
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Solution
Laminar flow refers to fluid motion in parallel layers with no disruption between them.
Correct Answer:
B
— Flow in parallel layers.
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Q. In a fluid, what is the relationship between depth and pressure?
A.
Pressure increases with depth
B.
Pressure decreases with depth
C.
Pressure remains constant
D.
Pressure is independent of depth
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Solution
In a fluid, pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.
Correct Answer:
A
— Pressure increases with depth
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Q. In a fluid, what is the term for the height of a fluid column that exerts a certain pressure?
A.
Hydrostatic Height
B.
Fluid Column Height
C.
Hydrostatic Head
D.
Fluid Pressure Height
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Solution
Hydrostatic head is the height of a fluid column that exerts a certain pressure, calculated as pressure divided by the density and gravitational acceleration.
Correct Answer:
C
— Hydrostatic Head
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Q. In a fluid, what is the term for the surface phenomenon that causes the surface to behave like a stretched elastic membrane?
A.
Viscosity
B.
Surface Tension
C.
Capillarity
D.
Hydrostatic Pressure
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Solution
Surface tension is the property of a fluid that causes its surface to behave like a stretched elastic membrane.
Correct Answer:
B
— Surface Tension
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Q. In a food chain, which of the following is a primary consumer? (2019)
A.
Grass
B.
Rabbit
C.
Fox
D.
Eagle
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Solution
A rabbit is a primary consumer as it feeds on plants (producers).
Correct Answer:
B
— Rabbit
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Q. In a food chain, which of the following is the correct order of energy flow? (2021)
A.
Producer → Consumer → Decomposer
B.
Consumer → Producer → Decomposer
C.
Decomposer → Producer → Consumer
D.
Producer → Decomposer → Consumer
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Solution
The correct order of energy flow in a food chain is Producer → Consumer → Decomposer.
Correct Answer:
A
— Producer → Consumer → Decomposer
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Q. In a food chain, which of the following is the primary producer? (2019)
A.
Herbivores
B.
Carnivores
C.
Plants
D.
Decomposers
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Solution
Primary producers are organisms that produce their own food, primarily plants through photosynthesis.
Correct Answer:
C
— Plants
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Q. In a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, how many atoms are present in one unit cell? (2023)
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Solution
In a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, there are 6 atoms per unit cell.
Correct Answer:
C
— 6
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Q. In a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, what is the coordination number? (2022)
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Solution
In a hexagonal close-packed (HCP) structure, the coordination number is 12, as each atom is in contact with 12 others.
Correct Answer:
C
— 12
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Q. In a measurement, if the error is systematic, what can be said about the results? (2020)
A.
They are random
B.
They are biased
C.
They are accurate
D.
They are precise
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Solution
Systematic errors lead to biased results, consistently deviating from the true value.
Correct Answer:
B
— They are biased
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Q. In a measurement, if the error is systematic, what does it indicate? (2020)
A.
Random fluctuations
B.
Consistent bias
C.
Human error
D.
Instrument malfunction
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Solution
Systematic errors indicate a consistent bias in measurements.
Correct Answer:
B
— Consistent bias
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Q. In a measurement, if the precision is high, it means: (2019)
A.
The measurements are close to the true value
B.
The measurements are consistent with each other
C.
The measurements have low uncertainty
D.
The measurements are accurate
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Solution
High precision indicates that repeated measurements yield similar results.
Correct Answer:
B
— The measurements are consistent with each other
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Q. In a measurement, if the systematic error is known, how can it be corrected? (2020)
A.
By averaging multiple readings
B.
By subtracting the error from the measured value
C.
By ignoring the error
D.
By taking more measurements
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Solution
Systematic errors can be corrected by subtracting the known error from the measured value.
Correct Answer:
B
— By subtracting the error from the measured value
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Q. In a measurement, if the uncertainty is ±0.1 g, what does it indicate? (2023)
A.
The measurement is exact
B.
The measurement can vary by 0.1 g
C.
The measurement is inaccurate
D.
The measurement is precise
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Solution
An uncertainty of ±0.1 g indicates that the measurement can vary by 0.1 g from the reported value.
Correct Answer:
B
— The measurement can vary by 0.1 g
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Q. In a measurement, if the uncertainty is ±0.5 cm, what is the range of the measurement 10.0 cm? (2023)
A.
9.5 cm to 10.5 cm
B.
9.0 cm to 11.0 cm
C.
10.0 cm to 10.5 cm
D.
10.0 cm to 11.0 cm
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Solution
The range is calculated as (10.0 - 0.5) cm to (10.0 + 0.5) cm, which is 9.5 cm to 10.5 cm.
Correct Answer:
A
— 9.5 cm to 10.5 cm
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Q. In a measurement, if the value is reported as 3.00 kg, how many significant figures are there? (2019)
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Solution
The number 3.00 kg has three significant figures.
Correct Answer:
B
— 3
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Q. In a Michelson interferometer, what happens to the fringe pattern if one of the mirrors is moved away from the beam splitter? (2020)
A.
Fringe pattern moves to the left
B.
Fringe pattern moves to the right
C.
Fringe pattern disappears
D.
Fringe pattern becomes brighter
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Solution
Moving one mirror changes the path length, causing the fringe pattern to shift to the right.
Correct Answer:
B
— Fringe pattern moves to the right
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Q. In a Newton's ring experiment, if the radius of the first dark ring is found to be r, what is the radius of the second dark ring? (2020)
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Solution
The radius of the dark rings in Newton's rings is proportional to the square root of the ring number. Thus, the second dark ring will have a radius of 2r.
Correct Answer:
B
— 2r
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Q. In a Newton's rings experiment, if the radius of the nth dark ring is r_n, what is the relationship between r_n and the wavelength λ? (2021)
A.
r_n ∝ nλ
B.
r_n ∝ √nλ
C.
r_n ∝ n²λ
D.
r_n ∝ n/λ
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Solution
The radius of the dark rings in Newton's rings is given by r_n² = nλR, where R is the radius of curvature of the lens. Thus, r_n ∝ nλ.
Correct Answer:
C
— r_n ∝ n²λ
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Q. In a p-n junction, what happens when the junction is forward biased? (2019)
A.
Depletion region widens
B.
Depletion region narrows
C.
No current flows
D.
Reverse current increases
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Solution
When a p-n junction is forward biased, the depletion region narrows, allowing current to flow.
Correct Answer:
B
— Depletion region narrows
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Q. In a p-n junction, which type of charge carriers are majority carriers in the p-type region? (2019)
A.
Electrons
B.
Holes
C.
Protons
D.
Neutrons
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Solution
In the p-type region of a p-n junction, holes are the majority charge carriers.
Correct Answer:
B
— Holes
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Q. In a p-n junction, which type of charge carriers are predominant in the p-type region? (2019)
A.
Electrons
B.
Holes
C.
Protons
D.
Neutrons
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Solution
In a p-type region, holes are the predominant charge carriers.
Correct Answer:
B
— Holes
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Q. In a pedigree chart, a filled circle represents which of the following? (2023)
A.
Male
B.
Female
C.
Affected female
D.
Affected male
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Solution
In a pedigree chart, a filled circle represents an affected female.
Correct Answer:
C
— Affected female
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Q. In a PN junction diode, the depletion region is formed due to: (2019)
A.
Excess electrons
B.
Excess holes
C.
Recombination of electrons and holes
D.
External voltage
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Solution
The depletion region in a PN junction diode is formed due to the recombination of electrons and holes at the junction.
Correct Answer:
C
— Recombination of electrons and holes
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Q. In a PN junction diode, what happens when it is forward biased? (2019)
A.
Depletion region widens
B.
Depletion region narrows
C.
No current flows
D.
Reverse current increases
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Solution
When a PN junction diode is forward biased, the depletion region narrows, allowing current to flow.
Correct Answer:
B
— Depletion region narrows
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Q. In a PN junction, what is formed at the junction of p-type and n-type materials? (2021)
A.
Electric field
B.
Magnetic field
C.
Thermal field
D.
Gravitational field
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Solution
An electric field is formed at the junction of p-type and n-type materials due to the diffusion of charge carriers.
Correct Answer:
A
— Electric field
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Q. In a PN junction, what is the region called where no charge carriers are present? (2019)
A.
Depletion region
B.
Conduction band
C.
Valence band
D.
Neutral zone
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Solution
The depletion region is the area around the PN junction where no free charge carriers are present.
Correct Answer:
A
— Depletion region
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Q. In a predator-prey relationship, what is the primary effect of an increase in the prey population? (2021)
A.
Decrease in predator population
B.
Increase in predator population
C.
Decrease in prey population
D.
No effect on predator population
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Solution
An increase in the prey population typically leads to an increase in the predator population due to more available food.
Correct Answer:
B
— Increase in predator population
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