Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that occurs in the cytoplasm and breaks down glucose.

Activated sludge bacteria are commonly used in the biological treatment of wastewater due to their ability to degrade organic matter.

Penicillium chrysogenum is the mold used to produce penicillin, an important antibiotic.

Clostridium botulinum produces a potent toxin that can lead to botulism when ingested from improperly canned foods.

Plasmodium is the protozoan parasite responsible for causing malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.

Methanogens are often associated with the treatment of high-strength industrial wastewater, particularly in anaerobic digestion processes.

Aspergillus oryzae is used in the fermentation of soybeans to produce soy sauce.

Plasmodium falciparum is the most deadly species of the Plasmodium genus that causes malaria, transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes.

Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections, accounting for about 80-90% of cases.

Streptomyces is a genus of bacteria known for producing a variety of antibiotics, including streptomycin.

Lactobacillus is a type of bacteria used in the fermentation process to produce yogurt.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or baker's yeast, is commonly used to ferment sugars into ethanol.

Yogurt is made by fermenting milk with specific bacterial cultures that convert lactose into lactic acid.

Skim milk has had most of its fat removed, making it lower in calories compared to whole and 2% milk.

Aspergillus flavus is known for producing aflatoxins, which are highly toxic and carcinogenic.

tRNA (transfer RNA) is responsible for bringing amino acids to the ribosome during translation.

A missense mutation results in a change in a single amino acid in a protein, potentially altering its function.

Phosphorus is crucial for the synthesis of nucleic acids in bacteria.

Eggs are a good source of lutein, which is beneficial for eye health.

Vancomycin is an antibiotic that is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria, including MRSA.

Neisseria meningitidis is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in young adults.

Salmonella enterica is commonly associated with food poisoning from undercooked poultry.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis.

Bacillus anthracis is known for forming endospores, which help it survive in harsh conditions.

Staphylococcus species are known for forming clusters that resemble grapes.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a green pigment called pyocyanin on culture media.

Thymine is found in DNA, while RNA contains uracil instead.

Transduction is the transfer of DNA between bacteria via bacteriophages.

Meningitis is not typically caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

Bacilli bacteria are rod-shaped.