Sodium is highly reactive and easily oxidized compared to the other metals listed.

Sodium is highly reactive and easily oxidized compared to the other metals listed.

Copper is more likely to be reduced because it has a higher reduction potential compared to the other metals listed.

Iron is most susceptible to corrosion in the presence of moisture, leading to rust formation.

Aluminum commonly forms a +3 oxidation state in its compounds.

Iron commonly forms octahedral complexes with a coordination number of 6 due to its ability to accommodate six ligands.

Sodium is highly reactive and readily undergoes oxidation due to its low ionization energy.

Sodium is highly reactive and readily loses an electron, making it likely to undergo oxidation.

Gold is less reactive and more likely to be reduced compared to the other metals listed.

Gold is often extracted using hydrometallurgy, particularly through cyanidation.

Gold is often extracted using hydrometallurgical methods such as cyanidation.

Leaching is a process used to concentrate ores by dissolving the desired metal into a solution.

Smelting is the process of extracting metals from their ores by heating and using a reducing agent.

Electrolysis is used to purify copper by separating it from impurities in the solution.

The reaction H2 + O2 → H2O involves the oxidation of hydrogen and reduction of oxygen, making it a redox reaction.

Sodium chloride is widely used as a de-icing agent due to its effectiveness in lowering the freezing point of water.

Sodium chloride, or table salt, is widely used as a preservative in various food products.

NH4Cl is formed from the strong acid HCl and the weak base NH3.

NaNO3 is soluble in water, while AgCl, BaSO4, and PbI2 are generally insoluble.

Coordination compounds consist of a central metal atom bonded to one or more ligands, which can be neutral or charged.

Hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen is covalently bonded to an electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen.

Hydrogen can form cations (H+) in reactions, especially in acid-base chemistry.

Transition metals can form colored compounds due to d-d electronic transitions.

Tungsten has the highest melting point among transition metals, at 3422 °C.

Iron is the transition metal used as a catalyst in the Haber process for synthesizing ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Iron is used as a catalyst in the Haber process to synthesize ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen.

Iron (Fe) commonly forms octahedral complexes with a coordination number of 6.

Copper is a transition metal that forms colored compounds due to the presence of partially filled d-orbitals, allowing for d-d electron transitions.

Nickel is known for its ability to form stable complexes with various ligands.

Iron is a transition metal that is commonly associated with the formation of colored compounds due to its variable oxidation states.