Biology is the science of life — from the tiniest cell to the most complex human systems. This category is designed to support school students (Classes 6–12) as well as undergraduate (UG) learners with clear explanations, exam-focused content, and concept-building resources. You’ll find:
Concept-wise explanations aligned with NCERT and common UG syllabi
Important questions & answers for school exams, NEET foundation, and college tests
Human physiology, genetics, ecology, biotechnology, and cell biology explained simply
Practice questions, MCQs, and revision notes to strengthen understanding
Doubt-solving and conceptual clarity for competitive and academic success
Whether you’re preparing for school exams , building a strong base for NEET , or studying Biology at the undergraduate level , this section helps you learn smarter, revise faster, and understand Biology deeply — not just memorize it.
Learn life sciences the right way — clear concepts, exam relevance, and real understanding.
Q. What is the function of RuBisCO in the Calvin cycle?
A.
To produce ATP
B.
To fix carbon dioxide
C.
To generate NADPH
D.
To release oxygen
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Solution
RuBisCO catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide in the Calvin cycle.
Correct Answer:
B
— To fix carbon dioxide
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Q. What is the function of sclerenchyma cells in plants?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Transport of nutrients
C.
Support and protection
D.
Storage of water
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Solution
Sclerenchyma cells provide support and protection due to their thick, lignified cell walls.
Correct Answer:
C
— Support and protection
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Q. What is the function of sclerenchyma cells?
A.
Photosynthesis
B.
Transport of water
C.
Support and protection
D.
Storage of nutrients
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Solution
Sclerenchyma cells provide rigid support and protection due to their thick, lignified cell walls.
Correct Answer:
C
— Support and protection
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Q. What is the function of the complement system in immunity?
A.
To produce antibodies
B.
To lyse pathogens
C.
To activate T cells
D.
To enhance inflammation
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Solution
The complement system consists of proteins that enhance the ability of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear pathogens, including the lysis of pathogens.
Correct Answer:
B
— To lyse pathogens
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Q. What is the function of the cuticle in plant tissues?
A.
Gas exchange
B.
Water retention
C.
Nutrient absorption
D.
Support
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Solution
The cuticle is a waxy layer that helps to retain water and prevent desiccation in plant tissues.
Correct Answer:
B
— Water retention
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Q. What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum in plant cells?
A.
Energy production
B.
Lipid and protein synthesis
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Cell division
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Solution
The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of lipids and proteins, playing a key role in cellular function.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lipid and protein synthesis
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Q. What is the function of the epiglottis during swallowing?
A.
To filter air
B.
To prevent food from entering the trachea
C.
To produce sound
D.
To aid in gas exchange
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Solution
The epiglottis prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea during swallowing, directing them to the esophagus.
Correct Answer:
B
— To prevent food from entering the trachea
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Q. What is the function of the esophagus in the digestive system?
A.
Digestion of proteins
B.
Transport of food to the stomach
C.
Absorption of nutrients
D.
Production of saliva
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Solution
The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
Correct Answer:
B
— Transport of food to the stomach
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Q. What is the function of the esophagus?
A.
Digests food
B.
Absorbs nutrients
C.
Transports food to the stomach
D.
Produces enzymes
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Solution
The esophagus is a muscular tube that transports food from the mouth to the stomach.
Correct Answer:
C
— Transports food to the stomach
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Q. What is the function of the Golgi apparatus in plant cells?
A.
Protein modification and packaging
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Cell division
D.
Storage of water
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Solution
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery to other organelles.
Correct Answer:
A
— Protein modification and packaging
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Q. What is the function of the pancreas in the digestive system?
A.
Secretes bile
B.
Produces digestive enzymes and hormones
C.
Stores food
D.
Absorbs nutrients
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Solution
The pancreas produces digestive enzymes and hormones, such as insulin, which regulate blood sugar levels.
Correct Answer:
B
— Produces digestive enzymes and hormones
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Q. What is the function of the placenta during pregnancy?
A.
To provide oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
B.
To produce hormones
C.
To remove waste products from the fetus
D.
All of the above
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Solution
The placenta serves multiple functions including nutrient and gas exchange, hormone production, and waste removal.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. What is the function of the promoter region in a gene?
A.
To code for proteins
B.
To initiate transcription
C.
To terminate transcription
D.
To splice RNA
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Solution
The promoter region of a gene is a sequence that initiates transcription by providing a binding site for RNA polymerase.
Correct Answer:
B
— To initiate transcription
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Q. What is the function of the ribosome during translation?
A.
To synthesize RNA
B.
To provide a site for protein synthesis
C.
To splice mRNA
D.
To replicate DNA
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Solution
Ribosomes serve as the cellular machinery that facilitates the assembly of amino acids into proteins during the translation process.
Correct Answer:
B
— To provide a site for protein synthesis
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Q. What is the function of the vacuole in plant cells?
A.
Storage of nutrients and waste products
B.
Photosynthesis
C.
Cell division
D.
Protein synthesis
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Solution
Vacuoles are primarily used for storage of nutrients, waste products, and maintaining turgor pressure.
Correct Answer:
A
— Storage of nutrients and waste products
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Q. What is the function of the valves in the heart?
A.
To increase blood pressure
B.
To prevent backflow of blood
C.
To regulate heart rate
D.
To supply oxygen to the blood
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Solution
Heart valves prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring it flows in one direction through the heart chambers.
Correct Answer:
B
— To prevent backflow of blood
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Q. What is the function of transfer RNA (tRNA) during protein synthesis?
A.
To carry genetic information
B.
To form ribosomes
C.
To bring amino acids to the ribosome
D.
To replicate DNA
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Solution
tRNA brings amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis, matching them to the mRNA codons.
Correct Answer:
C
— To bring amino acids to the ribosome
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Q. What is the function of tRNA during translation?
A.
To carry amino acids to the ribosome
B.
To synthesize mRNA
C.
To form the ribosome structure
D.
To splice introns from mRNA
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Solution
tRNA carries specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are added to the growing polypeptide chain.
Correct Answer:
A
— To carry amino acids to the ribosome
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Q. What is the function of tRNA in protein synthesis?
A.
To carry genetic information
B.
To synthesize RNA
C.
To bring amino acids to the ribosome
D.
To form the ribosome structure
Show solution
Solution
Transfer RNA (tRNA) functions to bring specific amino acids to the ribosome during translation, matching them to the corresponding codons on the mRNA.
Correct Answer:
C
— To bring amino acids to the ribosome
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Q. What is the function of tRNA in the cell?
A.
To carry genetic information
B.
To transport amino acids to the ribosome
C.
To synthesize RNA from DNA
D.
To splice introns from mRNA
Show solution
Solution
tRNA transports amino acids to the ribosome for incorporation into proteins.
Correct Answer:
B
— To transport amino acids to the ribosome
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Q. What is the function of valves in the heart?
A.
To increase blood pressure
B.
To prevent backflow of blood
C.
To regulate heart rate
D.
To oxygenate blood
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Solution
Valves in the heart prevent the backflow of blood, ensuring it flows in one direction.
Correct Answer:
B
— To prevent backflow of blood
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Q. What is the function of xylem in vascular plants?
A.
Transport of nutrients
B.
Transport of water
C.
Photosynthesis
D.
Storage of carbohydrates
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Solution
Xylem is responsible for the transport of water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant.
Correct Answer:
B
— Transport of water
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Q. What is the genetic makeup of a typical human female?
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Solution
A typical human female has two X chromosomes, denoted as XX.
Correct Answer:
B
— XX
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Q. What is the half-life of IgG antibodies in the human body?
A.
1-2 days
B.
5-7 days
C.
21 days
D.
23 days
Show solution
Solution
The half-life of IgG antibodies in the human body is approximately 21 days.
Correct Answer:
C
— 21 days
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Q. What is the ideal soil pH range for most crops?
A.
4.0 - 5.0
B.
5.5 - 7.0
C.
7.5 - 8.5
D.
9.0 - 10.0
Show solution
Solution
The ideal soil pH range for most crops is between 5.5 and 7.0.
Correct Answer:
B
— 5.5 - 7.0
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Q. What is the largest artery in the human body?
A.
Pulmonary artery
B.
Aorta
C.
Coronary artery
D.
Femoral artery
Show solution
Solution
The aorta is the largest artery in the human body, carrying oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
Correct Answer:
B
— Aorta
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Q. What is the main advantage of cross-pollination over self-pollination?
A.
Faster reproduction
B.
Higher seed viability
C.
Increased genetic diversity
D.
Less energy expenditure
Show solution
Solution
Cross-pollination increases genetic diversity, which can enhance adaptability and resilience.
Correct Answer:
C
— Increased genetic diversity
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Q. What is the main advantage of sexual reproduction in plants?
A.
Clonal propagation
B.
Genetic diversity
C.
Rapid population increase
D.
No need for pollinators
Show solution
Solution
The main advantage of sexual reproduction is genetic diversity, which can enhance adaptability and survival.
Correct Answer:
B
— Genetic diversity
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Q. What is the main advantage of using CRISPR technology over traditional breeding methods?
A.
It is less expensive
B.
It allows for precise gene editing
C.
It requires more time
D.
It is less effective
Show solution
Solution
CRISPR technology allows for precise gene editing, enabling targeted modifications that are not possible with traditional breeding methods.
Correct Answer:
B
— It allows for precise gene editing
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Q. What is the main advantage of using hybrid plants in agriculture?
A.
Higher resistance to diseases
B.
Lower growth rates
C.
Increased reliance on specific pollinators
D.
Reduced yield
Show solution
Solution
Hybrid plants are often bred for higher resistance to diseases, leading to better crop yields.
Correct Answer:
A
— Higher resistance to diseases
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