According to the first law of thermodynamics, if the internal energy increases, it implies that either work is done on the system or heat is added to the system.

According to the first law of thermodynamics, if the internal energy increases, it implies that heat is added to the system and/or work is done on the system.

The focal length of a concave lens is always negative, as it diverges light rays.

The focal length of a concave lens is considered negative as it diverges light rays.

The focal length of a concave lens is negative, indicating that it diverges light rays.

When the object is placed at the focus of a convex lens, the rays of light emerge parallel and no image is formed.

Decreasing the slit width increases the diffraction angle, causing the central maximum to become wider.

Power (P) of a lens is given by P = 1/f (in meters). Here, f = 15 cm = 0.15 m, so P = 1/0.15 = +6.67 D.

Increasing the slit separation d decreases the fringe width, causing the fringes to move closer together.

The distance between the fringes decreases as fringe width β = λD/d; increasing d reduces β.

Using polychromatic light results in overlapping patterns of different wavelengths, causing the overall pattern to become broader.

Moving the screen further away increases the fringe separation, as fringe width β = λD/d; increasing D increases β.

In a fluid at rest, the pressure at a point depends on the depth of the fluid above that point.

In a fluid at rest, the pressure at a point depends on the height of the fluid column above it, as described by hydrostatic pressure.

Laminar flow refers to fluid motion in parallel layers with no disruption between them.

In a fluid, pressure increases with depth due to the weight of the fluid above.

Hydrostatic head is the height of a fluid column that exerts a certain pressure, calculated as pressure divided by the density and gravitational acceleration.

Surface tension is the property of a fluid that causes its surface to behave like a stretched elastic membrane.

Systematic errors lead to biased results, consistently deviating from the true value.

Systematic errors indicate a consistent bias in measurements.

High precision indicates that repeated measurements yield similar results.

Systematic errors can be corrected by subtracting the known error from the measured value.

An uncertainty of ±0.1 g indicates that the measurement can vary by 0.1 g from the reported value.

The range is calculated as (10.0 - 0.5) cm to (10.0 + 0.5) cm, which is 9.5 cm to 10.5 cm.

The number 3.00 kg has three significant figures.

Moving one mirror changes the path length, causing the fringe pattern to shift to the right.

The radius of the dark rings in Newton's rings is proportional to the square root of the ring number. Thus, the second dark ring will have a radius of 2r.

The radius of the dark rings in Newton's rings is given by r_n² = nλR, where R is the radius of curvature of the lens. Thus, r_n ∝ nλ.

When a p-n junction is forward biased, the depletion region narrows, allowing current to flow.

In the p-type region of a p-n junction, holes are the majority charge carriers.