Adsorption is a surface phenomenon where molecules adhere to the surface of a solid or liquid.

Alkaline earth metals typically have a +2 oxidation state due to the loss of two electrons.

Amorphous solids have short-range order but lack long-range order, unlike crystalline solids.

Gases have high compressibility due to the large spaces between particles, unlike solids and liquids which have definite shape and volume.

Gases are highly compressible due to the large spaces between particles, allowing them to occupy more volume when pressure is applied.

The primary characteristic that distinguishes living organisms from non-living things is their ability to reproduce, which is essential for the continuation of species.

Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, which binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the body.

The primary component of natural gas is methane (CH4).

Plasma is composed of approximately 90% water, which serves as a solvent for various substances in the blood.

Phospholipids are the primary component of cell membranes, forming a bilayer.

Cellulose is the primary component of the cell wall in plants, providing structural support.

The primary criterion for classifying organisms into different kingdoms is cell structure, distinguishing between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Gases are highly compressible while liquids are not, due to the distance between particles in each state.

The primary difference is that chemisorption involves the formation of chemical bonds, while physisorption involves weaker van der Waals forces.

Solids have a fixed shape and volume due to closely packed particles, while liquids take the shape of their container but have a fixed volume.

Cortisol has multiple effects including increasing blood sugar levels, decreasing inflammation, and regulating metabolism.

Deforestation leads to the loss of habitat for many species, contributing to biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation.

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) increases calcium levels in the blood by promoting the release of calcium from bones and increasing absorption in the intestines.

Creatine phosphate provides a rapid source of energy for muscle contraction during short bursts of activity.

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) is the primary energy source for muscle contraction.

Urea is the primary excretory product formed from the breakdown of proteins in the liver and is excreted by the kidneys.

Urea is the primary nitrogenous waste product excreted by humans, formed in the liver from ammonia and carbon dioxide.

All of the above factors affect the rate of a chemical reaction.

The rate of adsorption increases with the surface area of the solid, as more surface provides more sites for gas molecules to adhere.

Water availability is crucial for photosynthesis, as it is a raw material needed for the process.

Climate is the primary factor influencing the distribution of organisms, as it affects temperature, precipitation, and seasonal changes.

The inductance of a coil is determined by the length of the wire, the number of turns, and the material of the core.

Climate is the primary factor that determines the type of ecosystem in a particular area, influencing temperature and precipitation.

Ex-situ conservation focuses on the captive breeding of endangered species outside their natural habitats.

The primary focus of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) is sustainable development and the conservation of biological diversity.