Q. Which of the following techniques can help prevent overfitting?
A.
Increasing the number of features
B.
Using a more complex model
C.
Cross-validation
D.
Ignoring validation data
Show solution
Solution
Cross-validation is a technique that helps prevent overfitting by ensuring the model's performance is evaluated on different subsets of the data.
Correct Answer:
C
— Cross-validation
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Q. Which of the following techniques is commonly used in dynamic programming to build solutions?
A.
Divide and conquer
B.
Greedy algorithms
C.
Bottom-up approach
D.
Brute force
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Solution
The bottom-up approach is commonly used in dynamic programming to build solutions iteratively from smaller subproblems.
Correct Answer:
C
— Bottom-up approach
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Q. Which of the following techniques is commonly used to prevent overfitting in neural networks?
A.
Increasing the learning rate
B.
Using dropout
C.
Reducing the number of layers
D.
Using a linear activation function
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Solution
Dropout is a regularization technique that randomly sets a fraction of the neurons to zero during training to prevent overfitting.
Correct Answer:
B
— Using dropout
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Q. Which of the following techniques is NOT commonly used in feature selection?
A.
Recursive Feature Elimination
B.
Principal Component Analysis
C.
Random Forest Importance
D.
K-Means Clustering
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Solution
K-Means Clustering is primarily a clustering technique, not a feature selection method.
Correct Answer:
D
— K-Means Clustering
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Q. Which of the following techniques is NOT typically used for tokenization?
A.
Whitespace tokenization
B.
Subword tokenization
C.
Character tokenization
D.
Gradient descent
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Solution
Gradient descent is an optimization algorithm, not a tokenization technique.
Correct Answer:
D
— Gradient descent
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Q. Which of the following techniques is NOT typically used in feature selection?
A.
Recursive Feature Elimination
B.
Principal Component Analysis
C.
Random Forest Importance
D.
K-Means Clustering
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Solution
K-Means Clustering is an unsupervised learning algorithm used for clustering, not for feature selection.
Correct Answer:
D
— K-Means Clustering
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Q. Which of the following techniques is used for dimensionality reduction?
A.
K-Means Clustering
B.
Support Vector Machines
C.
Principal Component Analysis
D.
Decision Trees
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Solution
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a widely used technique for reducing the dimensionality of data.
Correct Answer:
C
— Principal Component Analysis
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Q. Which of the following techniques is used to prevent overfitting in decision trees?
A.
Increasing the depth of the tree
B.
Pruning the tree
C.
Using more features
D.
Decreasing the sample size
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Solution
Pruning the tree involves removing sections of the tree that provide little power in predicting target variables, thus preventing overfitting.
Correct Answer:
B
— Pruning the tree
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Q. Which of the following techniques is used to prevent overfitting in neural networks?
A.
Increasing the learning rate
B.
Using dropout layers
C.
Reducing the number of layers
D.
Using a larger batch size
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Solution
Dropout layers randomly deactivate neurons during training, which helps prevent overfitting.
Correct Answer:
B
— Using dropout layers
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Q. Which of the following tools is commonly used for deploying machine learning models?
A.
TensorFlow Serving
B.
Jupyter Notebook
C.
Pandas
D.
NumPy
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Solution
TensorFlow Serving is a popular tool specifically designed for deploying machine learning models in production environments.
Correct Answer:
A
— TensorFlow Serving
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Q. Which of the following tools is commonly used for model deployment?
A.
TensorFlow Serving
B.
Pandas
C.
NumPy
D.
Matplotlib
Show solution
Solution
TensorFlow Serving is a popular tool specifically designed for deploying machine learning models.
Correct Answer:
A
— TensorFlow Serving
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Q. Which of the following tools is commonly used to implement a lexical analyzer?
A.
Yacc
B.
Lex
C.
Bison
D.
ANTLR
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Solution
Lex is a tool specifically designed for generating lexical analyzers.
Correct Answer:
B
— Lex
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Q. Which of the following traversal methods can be implemented using a stack?
A.
In-order
B.
Pre-order
C.
Post-order
D.
All of the above
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Solution
All three traversal methods can be implemented using a stack, either explicitly or through the call stack in recursion.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following traversal methods can be used to create a mirror image of a binary tree?
A.
Pre-order
B.
In-order
C.
Post-order
D.
All of the above
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Solution
Any of the traversal methods (pre-order, in-order, post-order) can be used to create a mirror image of a binary tree.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which of the following traversal methods can be used to obtain a sorted order of elements in a binary search tree?
A.
Pre-order
B.
Post-order
C.
In-order
D.
Level-order
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Solution
In-order traversal of a binary search tree visits nodes in sorted order, making it the correct choice.
Correct Answer:
C
— In-order
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Q. Which of the following traversal methods can be used to obtain a sorted order of a binary search tree?
A.
Pre-order
B.
In-order
C.
Post-order
D.
Level-order
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Solution
In-order traversal of a binary search tree visits nodes in sorted order, as it processes the left subtree, then the root, and finally the right subtree.
Correct Answer:
B
— In-order
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Q. Which of the following traversal methods can be used to print the nodes of a binary tree level by level?
A.
In-order
B.
Pre-order
C.
Post-order
D.
Level-order
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Solution
Level-order traversal visits nodes level by level, making it suitable for printing nodes in that order.
Correct Answer:
D
— Level-order
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Q. Which of the following traversal methods uses a queue data structure?
A.
In-order
B.
Pre-order
C.
Post-order
D.
Level-order
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Solution
Level-order traversal uses a queue to keep track of nodes at the current level before moving to the next level.
Correct Answer:
D
— Level-order
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Q. Which of the following traversal methods uses a queue?
A.
Inorder
B.
Preorder
C.
Postorder
D.
Level Order
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Solution
Level Order traversal uses a queue to keep track of nodes at each level.
Correct Answer:
D
— Level Order
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Q. Which operation is guaranteed to be O(log n) in a Red-Black tree?
A.
Insertion
B.
Deletion
C.
Searching
D.
All of the above
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Solution
All fundamental operations (insertion, deletion, and searching) in a Red-Black tree are guaranteed to be O(log n) due to the tree's balanced structure.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which operation is guaranteed to be O(log n) in an AVL tree?
A.
Insertion
B.
Deletion
C.
Searching
D.
All of the above
Show solution
Solution
All of the operations (insertion, deletion, and searching) in an AVL tree are guaranteed to be O(log n) due to its balanced structure.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which operation is guaranteed to be O(log n) in both AVL and Red-Black trees?
A.
Insertion
B.
Deletion
C.
Searching
D.
All of the above
Show solution
Solution
All of the operations (insertion, deletion, and searching) are guaranteed to be O(log n) in both AVL and Red-Black trees.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which operation is guaranteed to take O(log n) time in a Red-Black tree?
A.
Insertion
B.
Deletion
C.
Search
D.
All of the above
Show solution
Solution
All of the operations: insertion, deletion, and search are guaranteed to take O(log n) time in a Red-Black tree.
Correct Answer:
D
— All of the above
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Q. Which operation is more complex in a Red-Black tree compared to an AVL tree?
A.
Insertion
B.
Deletion
C.
Searching
D.
Traversal
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Solution
Deletion in a Red-Black tree is more complex due to the need to maintain the tree's properties, often requiring multiple rotations and color changes.
Correct Answer:
B
— Deletion
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Q. Which operation is more complex in an AVL tree compared to a Red-Black tree?
A.
Insertion
B.
Deletion
C.
Searching
D.
Traversal
Show solution
Solution
Deletion in an AVL tree is more complex due to the need for multiple rotations to maintain balance.
Correct Answer:
B
— Deletion
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Q. Which operation is more complex in AVL trees compared to Red-Black trees?
A.
Insertion
B.
Deletion
C.
Searching
D.
Traversal
Show solution
Solution
Deletion in AVL trees can be more complex due to the need for multiple rotations to maintain balance.
Correct Answer:
B
— Deletion
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Q. Which operation is more complex in terms of time for AVL trees compared to Red-Black trees?
A.
Searching
B.
Insertion
C.
Deletion
D.
Traversal
Show solution
Solution
Deletion in AVL trees can be more complex due to the need for multiple rotations to maintain balance.
Correct Answer:
C
— Deletion
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Q. Which operation is more efficient in a Red-Black tree compared to an AVL tree?
A.
Searching
B.
Insertion
C.
Deletion
D.
All of the above
Show solution
Solution
Insertion operations in Red-Black trees are generally more efficient than in AVL trees due to fewer rotations required.
Correct Answer:
B
— Insertion
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Q. Which operation is more efficient in an AVL tree compared to a Red-Black tree?
A.
Insertion
B.
Deletion
C.
Searching
D.
All of the above
Show solution
Solution
Searching is more efficient in AVL trees because they are more strictly balanced than Red-Black trees, leading to a shorter height.
Correct Answer:
C
— Searching
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Q. Which operation is more efficient in AVL trees compared to Red-Black trees?
A.
Insertion
B.
Deletion
C.
Searching
D.
All of the above
Show solution
Solution
Searching is generally more efficient in AVL trees due to their stricter balancing, which keeps the tree height lower than that of Red-Black trees.
Correct Answer:
C
— Searching
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