Copper can be extracted using various methods including electrolysis, roasting, and hydrometallurgy.

Cyanidation is a common method used for extracting silver from its ore, similar to gold extraction.

Carbon monoxide is commonly used as a reducing agent in the extraction of metals from their ores.

BF3 (boron trifluoride) is a Lewis acid because it can accept an electron pair.

Acids in aqueous solution can conduct electricity due to the presence of ions.

Acids are known for their sour taste, while bases are bitter and slippery.

Hydrogen gas (H2) acts as a reducing agent by donating electrons in redox reactions.

NH4Cl (ammonium chloride) is a salt formed from the strong acid HCl and the weak base NH3.

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid formed from hydrogen.

Sulfuric acid (H2SO4) is a strong acid that contains hydrogen.

Hydrochloric acid is considered a strong acid and is widely used in various metallurgical processes.

Sodium hydroxide is a strong base that is often used in drain cleaners and other cleaning products.

CN- (cyanide) is a strong field ligand that causes large splitting of d-orbitals in transition metal complexes.

CH3COOH (acetic acid) is a weak acid that does not fully dissociate in solution, unlike the others.

Sublimation is not a method used for extracting metals; it is a phase transition from solid to gas.

Hydrometallurgy is a method of extracting metals from ores using aqueous solutions, while the other options are traditional extraction methods.

Hydrogen is not used in the direct synthesis of nitric acid; instead, it is primarily used in the production of ammonia and hydrogenation processes.

Cyanide (CN-) is a strong field ligand that causes greater splitting of d-orbitals in transition metal complexes.

Zinc is a more reactive metal that can displace hydrogen from acids, while copper, gold, and silver cannot.

Sodium reacts vigorously with water to produce hydrogen gas.

Aluminum is extracted from its ore, bauxite, using electrolytic reduction.

The Hall-Héroult process is used for the electrolytic reduction of aluminum oxide to produce aluminum.

Gold is least reactive and is often found in its native state due to its low reactivity.

Gold is commonly extracted using the hydrometallurgical process, particularly through cyanidation.

Aluminum is extracted from its ore, bauxite, using electrolysis due to its high reactivity.

Aluminum is extracted from its ore, bauxite, using the Hall-Héroult process, which involves electrolytic reduction.

Iron is commonly extracted from its ore using reduction methods in metallurgy.

Alumina (Al2O3) is the primary source of aluminum, extracted from bauxite through the Bayer process.

Aluminum is extracted using electrolysis due to its high reactivity and the need for a large amount of energy to reduce it from its ore.

Gold is often found in its native state due to its low reactivity with other elements.