Chemolithotrophy is the metabolism used by bacteria that oxidize inorganic sulfur compounds for energy.

Candida albicans is a fungus that can cause infections in humans, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Penicillium is a genus of fungi known for its role in the production of the antibiotic penicillin.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a species of yeast commonly used in baking and brewing.

Ultraviolet rays are primarily responsible for skin cancer due to their ability to damage DNA in skin cells.

mRNA (messenger RNA) carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Superantigens produced by some strains of Staphylococcus aureus can lead to toxic shock syndrome.

HIV is classified as a retrovirus because it replicates by reverse transcription of its RNA genome into DNA.

The tobacco mosaic virus is an RNA virus that infects plants, particularly tobacco and other related species.

Diatoms are a major group of algae that contribute significantly to oxygen production in marine environments.

Birds are the primary reservoir for the West Nile virus, which is transmitted to humans through mosquito bites.

Cattle are the most common source of Brucella transmission to humans, particularly through unpasteurized milk.

Ciprofloxacin is often used to treat severe infections caused by Vibrio species.

Isoniazid is a first-line medication used to treat tuberculosis.

Vancomycin is often ineffective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as it is primarily effective against Gram-positive bacteria.

IgM is the first antibody produced in response to an infection, providing an initial defense.

Resveratrol is an antioxidant found in red wine that is linked to potential health benefits.

Fungi play a significant role in the decomposition of organic matter in aquatic environments, breaking down complex materials.

Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used as a biological pesticide due to its insecticidal properties.

Bacillus cereus is known for causing food poisoning, particularly from improperly stored rice.

Mycoplasma bacteria are known for their pleomorphic nature.

Salmonella enterica is commonly associated with food poisoning from undercooked poultry.

Salmonella is commonly associated with undercooked eggs, posing a risk of foodborne illness.

Clostridium botulinum is a bacterium that can produce toxins in improperly canned foods, leading to botulism.

Coccobacilli are short rod-shaped bacteria.

Salmonella enterica is a common cause of foodborne illness, often linked to undercooked poultry and eggs.

Escherichia coli is the most common cause of urinary tract infections.

Streptococcus pyogenes is the bacterium responsible for strep throat.

Listeria monocytogenes is often linked to dairy products and can cause severe illness, especially in vulnerable populations.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis.